Treat vitamins as good health products and carefully make up for the "negative" effects

On Double Eleven this year, sales of health care products ranked first in the rankings. "Eat the most expensive health care products and stay up the deepest night." It is a common problem of many people at the moment. These people regard health care products as good health medicine.

　　 Among the many health products, various vitamins are favored because of their relatively low prices and their role in anti-aging and preventing chronic diseases. However, a new case report in the Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases recently suggested that excessive use of niacin (vitamin B3) can damage specific cells in the eyes, and an elderly person suffers from severe vision loss and blindness.

　　 does not provide energy for the human body, but it is indispensable

"Vitamin, as the name implies, is an element that maintains life. It is a type of trace organic substance that humans and animals must obtain from food in order to maintain normal physiological functions. Vitamins do not participate in the formation of human cells or provide energy for the human body. The human body plays an important role in regulating growth, metabolism, and development. Although the human body does not require a large dose of each vitamin, each of them cannot lack, otherwise, it will lead to corresponding diseases.

The vitamin family is huge. There are mainly more than a dozen vitamins that we often pay attention to daily. Among them, vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid, choline biotin, etc., are water-soluble vitamins, while vitamin A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins.

　　"The niacin mentioned in the above case report was originally called vitamin B3, which is an indispensable nutrient in the human body. A deficiency of niacin may cause skin disease.

　　 When the dosage of niacin exceeds its dose as a vitamin, it can have a significant lipid-lowering effect. "Clinically, niacin was previously used as an adjuvant treatment for hypercholesterolemia. In the mid-1950s, niacin was used as a lipid-lowering drug, but its clinical application was limited due to its relatively large side effects.

In the above case, the patient suffered from severe hypertension and hyperlipidemia, but overdose on niacin for several months, resulting in a rare toxic reaction called niacin-induced cystic macular disease, which caused the patient’s retina to swell, And eventually vision loss.

　　 Niacin is a rare case of excessive intake. Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin that the body can adjust by itself. If it is taken in excess, most of it can be excreted through urine metabolism. In the case of the above cases, it may be that the patient has taken niacin continuously in large doses in a short period of time, which exceeds the body's metabolic regulation ability, which causes rare toxic reactions.

　　 "family members" perform their duties and use different functions

　　The members of the vitamin family perform their duties and jointly participate in ensuring the normal operation of various functions of the human body. For example, vitamin B1 can maintain the normal metabolism of the human body and the normal physiological functions of the nervous system. The annoying beriberi is caused by lack of it; vitamin B2 contributes to the health of the skin, mucous membranes, and hair follicle system, and lack of it can lead to corners of the mouth Inflammation, cheilitis, oral ulcers, and other skin and mucous membrane problems; vitamin D can help the body absorb phosphorus and calcium, is an essential substance to ensure bone health, lack of vitamin D may lead to rickets or osteoporosis.

　　 There is also the most popular vitamin C. After the winter, many people take it every day to prevent colds. In this regard, vitamin C can promote the synthesis of collagen and maintain the elasticity of the skin. At the same time, this feature can soften blood vessels and prevent arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis. Vitamin C also has a certain role in resisting viral colds, mainly to promote the production of immune antibodies in the human body, thereby preventing the occurrence of colds.

　　 Although many people currently suffer from insufficient vitamin intake, their health is affected, but the harm caused by excessive vitamin supplementation is sometimes far more serious than vitamin deficiency. For example, the human body has a very small demand for vitamin C. A daily intake of 100 mg can meet the human body's needs. Taking a large amount of it will lead to a decrease in uric acid and alkalinity in the body, and an increase in the content of oxalate and urate in the urine, which may cause gallstones, kidney stones, and other diseases; it may also cause gastrointestinal adverse reactions; suddenly after taking a large amount of vitamin C If you stop using it, you are more likely to experience various symptoms of vitamin C deficiency, such as increased vascular fragility, bleeding gums, and even scurvy.

　　Compared with water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are more likely to cause human body poisoning when taken too much. Fat-soluble vitamins will dissolve in fat, and accumulate in fat, the body will not excrete on its own, so overdose will cause poisoning. For example, vitamin A, if you take 100,000 IU a day (IU is the international unit of vitamins and antibiotics, it is usually based on the characteristics of the drug to determine how much weight 1IU is equal to. In the pharmacopeia, the pure content of 1,000 IU is equivalent to 1 mg), and even take 6 Months can cause chronic poisoning symptoms such as loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, itchy skin, dryness, and desquamation, and increased intracranial pressure. Some people can also cause acute poisoning symptoms such as abnormal agitation, lethargy, and diplopia.

　　 In addition to not overdosing on vitamins, when taking vitamins, you should also pay attention to avoid taking certain drugs or foods at the same time, which may cause adverse side effects. It is necessary to avoid alcohol when taking vitamin A. The main function of vitamin A is to convert retinol into retinol. Ethanol inhibits the production of retinal during metabolism, which seriously affects the visual circulation and the production of male sperm; A high-fat diet will increase the amount of vitamin B2 required, thereby aggravating the deficiency of vitamin B2; previous studies have found that vitamin E supplements may conflict with cholesterol-lowering drugs.

A balanced and normal diet can meet the needs. "As long as a balanced intake of a normal diet is enough to meet the body's normal needs for vitamins." It is not recommended for healthy people to supplement vitamins in large quantities because the body has its own regulatory functions, such as too little vitamin C in the body Then, the body's ability to absorb vitamin C will be enhanced to meet the body's needs. Clinically, it is generally only for patients with vitamin deficiency caused by certain diseases to provide corresponding vitamin supplements. Like patients with liver disease, because vitamin B12 and vitamin A are stored in the liver, and the liver is the human body's "synthetic chemical plant", many vitamins will be transformed in the liver. If there is a problem with the liver, it will cause a lack of certain vitamins. Therefore, patients with liver disease need vitamin supplements.

　　 Generally speaking, vitamins are all over-the-counter drugs, and some high-dose vitamins are prescription drugs, such as niacin sustained-release capsules. Clinicians sometimes use certain types of vitamins in large doses to treat certain diseases. Vitamin B1 is used as an auxiliary medicine for heart and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In clinics, doctors often use them.

"Although most vitamins are over-the-counter drugs, since 2000, the nutrition community has reached a consensus that the intake of vitamins should refer to the recommended amount of safe intake, that is, each vitamin has a maximum intake and a non-prescription. The low limit of deficiency should not be exceeded and cause side effects, but should also be higher than the low limit to ensure the effect." As for how to judge whether one is lacking in certain vitamin and whether it needs to be supplemented, it should be through professional examination and doctor’s advice. Diagnosis is based on whether the dietary intake is reasonable, whether there are manifestations of vitamin deficiency and blood biochemical tests.

In order to achieve weight loss, some women do not eat or eat very few meals and rely on vitamin supplements to maintain their health. “On the one hand, weight loss should follow scientific principles and be carried out in a planned and reasonable manner based on physical conditions, especially scientifically arranging dietary intake. On the other hand, most of the vitamins on the market are industrial chemical synthesis, and the ingredients are single, far less than the rich and varied daily diet, long-term excessive supplementation is more prone to imbalance and even side effects. Daily intake of grains and vegetables, fruits, meat, aquatic products, eggs, beans, milk, and other foods, and learn to match them to form a rich table content, which can ensure the body’s daily needs of various vitamins without additional supplements. While staying up late Taking vitamins and other expensive health supplements for nourishment is not only useless but also counterproductive.